What dental procedure is used to remove stains and plaque from the enamel surfaces after hard deposits are cleared?

Coronal polishing is the procedure specifically designed to remove stains and plaque from the enamel surfaces of teeth. After the hard deposits of calculus have been cleared, coronal polishing employs a rotating rubber cup or brush with a polishing paste to smooth and shine the tooth surfaces. This step is essential not only for aesthetics but also for maintaining oral health, as it leaves the enamel free of debris that could harbor bacteria and lead to decay or other dental issues.

In contrast, scaling primarily focuses on the removal of hardened deposits of plaque and calculus from above and below the gum line. Root planing is concerned with making the surface of the tooth roots smooth to aid healing and reduce bacteria in cases of periodontal disease. Fluoride treatment, while beneficial for strengthening tooth enamel and preventing decay, does not serve the purpose of physically polishing the enamel surfaces. Therefore, coronal polishing is the correct choice for the procedure described in the question.