What term is commonly used to refer to tooth decay?

The term "caries" is specifically used to refer to tooth decay, which is a progressive destruction of tooth structure caused primarily by the activity of bacteria that produce acids from fermentable carbohydrates. Caries is commonly known as cavities and can affect both the outer surface of the tooth (enamel) and inner structures (dentin and pulp) if left untreated.

Understanding caries is essential in dental health because it highlights the importance of oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups to prevent the accumulation of plaque and subsequent decay. The process occurs when dental plaque, made of bacteria, acid, and food particles, sticks to the tooth surface, leading to the demineralization and deconstruction of the tooth enamel.

Other terms like dental erosion, gingivitis, and periodontitis refer to different dental conditions. Dental erosion is related to the loss of enamel due to acid exposure, often from dietary acids rather than bacterial action. Gingivitis is characterized by inflammation of the gums due to plaque accumulation, while periodontitis is a more severe form of gum disease that affects the supporting structures of teeth and can lead to tooth loss. These distinctions help clarify the broad range of oral health issues that are not the same as tooth decay.