Which of the following professions focuses on the prevention and treatment of diseases related to the gums?

The periodontist is the correct choice because this profession specifically specializes in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases that affect the gums and the supporting structures of the teeth. Periodontists have advanced training in managing periodontal disease and provide treatments such as scaling and root planing, placing dental implants, and performing gum surgery.

This specialization is essential for maintaining oral health, as gum disease can lead to significant complications if not managed properly. Periodontists often work in conjunction with other dental professionals to ensure a comprehensive approach to oral health, particularly when patients have conditions that might influence or be influenced by periodontal issues.

In contrast, oral surgeons focus primarily on surgical interventions related to the mouth and jaw, which may include tooth extractions and corrective jaw surgery. General dentists are trained in a variety of dental care practices, including basic gum treatments, but do not specialize in gum diseases specifically. Orthodontists concentrate on the alignment of teeth and jaws and typically do not handle periodontal conditions.